Jonathan Kramer's Posmodern Music Theory

Kramer's Theory
While postmodernism is a difficult concept to define rigorously, it
is possible to characterize postmodern music by the some or all of the
following traits. It
1. is not simply a repudiation of modernism or its continuation, but
has aspects of both,
2. is, on some level and in some way, ironic;
3. does not respect boundaries between sonorities and procedures of
the past and of the present;
4. seeks to break down barriers between "highbrow" and "lowbrow"
styles;
5. shows disdain for the often unquestioned value of structural unity;
6. refuses to accept the distinction between elitist and populist values;
7. avoids totalizing forms (e.g., does not allow an entire piece to be
tonal or serial or cast in a prescribed formal mold);
8. includes quotations of or references to music of many traditions
and cultures;
9. embraces contradictions;
10. distrusts binary oppositions;
11. includes fragmentations and discontinuities;
12. encompasses pluralism and eclecticism;
13. presents multiple meanings and multiple temporalities;
14. locates meaning and even structure in

Postmodern music Homework

Apocalyptica

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